2. Nagvanshi Governance System
In the first century (64 AD), the Munda monarchy was transferred to the Nagavanshis. The first king of the Nagavanshi, Phani Mukut Rai, neither abolished the Parha system nor made any changes, but tried to expand it. In the era of Nagvansh also, the previous tax system, land system and government system continued like all Mundas. There was no change in this system from the first century to the 16th century. But the first effective intervention in this tradition began from the Mughal invasion period i.e. 1585 AD. The Mughal army began to keep an eye on the kings here and later it gradually assumed a regular form, which came to be known as "Malgujari. The practice of collecting taxes or goods in the Nagvanshi period was not from the common ryots. Therefore, it was difficult for the Nagavanshi kings to give the Mughal rulers the goods of the entire kingdom. King Durjan Sal of Chhota Nagpur Khas was imprisoned in 1616 AD and was kept by Jahangir for 12 years in the fort of Gwalior Durjan Sal was freed from captivity on the basis of consent to pay tax of six thousand rupees annually.
King Durjan Sal of Chhota Nagpur Khas was imprisoned in 1616 AD and was kept captivity on the basis of consent to pay tax no provision for taxing its subjects. Due to the constantly increasing of six thousand rupees by Jahangir for 12 years in the fort of Gwalior. Durjan Sal was freed from The tax on the Nagavanshi kings went on increasing. But there was annually tax volume, the Nagavanshi kings changed their ancient system and started collecting taxes from the people. The Nagavanshi kings called the principal standards of the Parha as Bhumihar and ordered to recover the goods. Later the kings kept their separate vassals and authorized them to collect the goods, This made the situation of Bhumihars even more pathetic. The vassal used to collect tax, but it was not given regularly. It was given only when a Mughal emperor sought it. This irregular tax system was called 'Nazarna' or 'Offering."
The arrival of the British came after the Mughals found Diwani in 1765. As soon as they arrived, these people placed the area under Fort William under the system of Patna Council. When no regular tax was received from this area till 1773 AD, then S.G. Hittley was appointed the first civil collector for Chhota Nagpur Khas, but this too was not successful in tax collection. The British adopted many other methods of collecting taxes, but they did not achieve complete success. In 1793 AD, the kings were made zamindars on the pretext of permanent settlement for regular collection of tax. Jagirdari system changed to Zamindari system. This was an important change. With this system, the rule of the Mundas and Nagavansh, which had been in existence since ancient times, came to an end and the British Raj system came into force. The king remained a medium to collect taxes for the British, after which the law and order of the British began. New laws and regulations started coming in, in which the Maharaja, Munda-Manak, Parha-Panchayat, etc. merged. Along with the whole country. Chhota Nagpur also came under the British control and the rule of Nagavanshi kings ended.
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